Community-Based Specialty Pharmacists Identify Drug Therapy Problems in New Adult Oncology Patients Across Care Settings

BACKGROUND

Community-based specialty pharmacists are trained to understand and appropriately address the complexities of managing oral cancer treatment to correctly identify drug therapy problems (DTPs). Inadequacies have the potential to negatively impact patient safety, quality of life, and treatment efficacy. Better patient outcomes are expected with pharmacists on the care team; however, it was unknown whether this was true in this specific patient population. The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to characterize the value of the community-based specialty pharmacist in identifying DTPs in adult oncology patients who are new to treatment when a pharmacist was and was not embedded on the patient’s clinical care team.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fifteen clinics were identified, including 8 with a pharmacist present on the care team and 7 without. Participants with an oncology-related diagnosis, initiating a new oral oncology therapy between January 1, 2023, and August 31, 2023, and with available follow-up data through November 30, 2023, were included. The pharmacist who performed the initial counseling with the patient screened for correct dosing and indication, drug-drug interactions, appropriate directions for use, and any supportive medications prescribed with the primary treatment. A retrospective chart review was conducted to analyze these encounters and interventions. Baseline characteristics were assessed using regression analyses; t-tests and χ2 tests were used to evaluate continuous and binary data, respectively.

RESULTS

A total of 439 patient charts were analyzed, and 105 DTPs were identified. DTPs were evenly distributed between the 2 groups, with 52 cases in the group without a pharmacist on the clinical care team and 53 in the group with a pharmacist (P = .646). There were no significant differences in DTPs identified between the groups, including lack of supportive care (P = .489), dose too high (P = .585), dose too low (P = .884), drug-drug interactions (P = .946), and inappropriate directions (P = .287). All prescriptions were written with an appropriate indication (100%). A total of 66 of 105 interventions were accepted by the prescriber (P = .899). At the 3-month follow-up, 153 patients had discontinued treatment (P = .294). Baseline characteristics did not significantly impact the primary outcome.

CONCLUSIONS

Community-based specialty pharmacists play a valuable role in identifying DTPs among new adult oncology patients, regardless of whether they are embedded in the clinical care team. The results offer a compelling case for integrating community-based specialty pharmacists more broadly into patient care models.