Hidden in Plain Sight: Recognizing Signs and Symptoms of Tardive Dyskinesia

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EP: 1.Hidden in Plain Sight: Recognizing Signs and Symptoms of Tardive Dyskinesia

EP: 2.Understanding the Impact of Tardive Dyskinesia Across Patient Populations

This peer exchange focused on enhancing the management of tardive dyskinesia (TD), particularly in elderly patients, by examining clinical presentations, treatment strategies, and the vital role of pharmacists. TD, a movement disorder often resulting from prolonged use of dopamine receptor–blocking agents such as antipsychotics, presents a wide array of symptoms that are frequently overlooked or mistaken for other conditions like Parkinson disease or age-related movement changes. Early signs often include involuntary movements of the mouth, face, or limbs, which can be subtle and develop gradually, complicating timely diagnosis.

One of the significant challenges highlighted is the stigma surrounding mental health, which can delay both recognition and treatment of TD. Many patients initially remain unaware of their abnormal movements until someone else points them out, leading to embarrassment and social withdrawal. Once they are aware, some patients may hesitate to begin treatment, especially if it involves adding another medication. Concerns about adverse effects, skepticism regarding efficacy, and reluctance to trust providers can all become barriers to care. These obstacles underscore the importance of building strong, trusting relationships between patients and health care providers.

Pharmacists were emphasized as key players in managing TD through early identification, patient education, and consistent follow-up. Their accessibility and medication expertise position them well to recognize emerging symptoms and advocate for appropriate intervention. Additionally, pharmacists can support adherence to therapy, adjust treatment as needed, and provide counseling to address stigma and improve quality of life. Through collaborative, comprehensive care models, health care teams can better meet the complex needs of patients with TD and ultimately enhance their functional and social outcomes.