Key Takeaways
- Universal Lp(a) screening is now recommended for all adults.
- Bempedoic acid, inclisiran, and PCSK9 inhibitors are clearly outlined as evidence-based add-on options for patients who cannot reach LDL goals on statins alone.
- Newer agents approved after the guideline's data cutoff are emerging tools pharmacists should monitor as the treatment landscape continues to evolve.
On biomarker testing, Saseen drew a clear distinction between apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein A, or Lp(a). Apolipoprotein B remains an optional confirmatory measure, appropriate for patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, or metabolic conditions who have already achieved their low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and non–high-density lipoprotein goals, to confirm that atherogenic lipoproteins are sufficiently treated. Lp(a), by contrast, has been elevated to a universal screening recommendation.
Saseen noted that the 2026 guidelines align with the National Lipid Association's 2024 position that every adult should have their Lp(a) measured at least once, with earlier testing considered for individuals with a first-degree relative known to have elevated levels. Although no FDA-approved therapies specifically targeting Lp(a) exist, an elevated Lp(a) result should prompt clinicians to be more aggressive with overall lipid-lowering and cardiovascular risk-reduction strategies.
On nonstatin therapies, Saseen outlined how bempedoic acid (Nexletol; Esperion Therapeutics), inclisiran (Leqvio; Novartis), and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are now clearly positioned in the guidelines as add-on therapies for patients who cannot achieve LDL goals on statin therapy alone, whether due to inadequate response or statin intolerance. He noted that PCSK9 inhibitors and inclisiran offer more robust LDL lowering, whereas bempedoic acid provides approximately 20% LDL reduction, similar to ezetimibe (Zetia; Merck & Co), and may serve as a first-line option in statin-intolerant patients. Saseen also flagged newer agents approved after the guideline's data cutoff, including a second-generation PCSK9 inhibitor and a new triglyceride-lowering drug, as additional tools that will likely be incorporated into future updates.