Jennifer L. Hofmann, DMSC, MS, PA-C

Older treatments and novel options are changing the way obesity is treated and managed

The pharmacologic options for irritable bowel syndrome are based on the adverse effect profile, cost, and predominant symptoms.

Pharmacotherapy is modestly effective for short-term use in conjunction with healthy sleep habits and cognitive behavioral therapy.

Common clinical issues associated with menopause include mood changes; sexual issues; sleep disturbances; urogenital atrophy, also known as genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM); and vasomotor symptoms. Let’s look at the pharmacologic treatment of GSM and vasomotor symptoms.